What is the difference between thermal infrared cameras and near-infrared cameras?

Thermal infrared cameras and near-infrared cameras operate in different infrared spectrum ranges. Thermal infrared cameras detect long-wave infrared radiation (8-14 microns) emitted by objects based on their temperature, making them ideal for night vision, heat mapping, and industrial inspections. In contrast, near-infrared cameras capture shorter wavelengths (0.7-1.4 microns) reflected by objects, often used in biometric authentication, surveillance, and agriculture. Unlike thermal infrared cameras, near-infrared cameras require an external light source to function effectively in low-light conditions.